Contenido principal del artículo

Halder Yandry Loor Zambrano
Clemente Aladino Moreira-Basurto
Jimmy Javier Jara Nivelo
Fabián Eduardo Arízaga-Vera

Introducción: La valoración empresarial orienta decisiones de inversión, financiamiento y gestión estratégica en contextos económicos diversos, y la abundancia de procedimientos disponibles exige comprender sus fundamentos y condiciones de uso. Objetivo: Analizar de forma comparativa los métodos de valoración empresarial identificados en la literatura científica reciente. Método:  El estudio adoptó un enfoque cualitativo de tipo documental. La búsqueda académica abarcó las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Dialnet, Redalyc y Google Académico entre enero de 2022 y junio de 2026, con ecuaciones combinadas sobre valoración, métodos y criterios de selección. El corpus final reunió 22 estudios. Resultados: La literatura agrupa los procedimientos en enfoques estáticos, dinámicos, mixtos o goodwill y basados en múltiplos. El flujo de caja descontado destaca por su fundamentación en el valor intrínseco, los múltiplos por su rapidez comparativa y los enfoques mixtos por su capacidad para capturar activos intangibles. La elección del procedimiento depende del sector, del tamaño de la organización y de la información disponible. Conclusiones: Ningún método resulta suficiente por sí solo en todos los contextos; su aplicación exige reconocer supuestos, ventajas y limitaciones, y la combinación de enfoques respalda con mayor solidez las decisiones financieras y estratégicas.

Introduction: Business valuation informs investment, financing, and strategic management decisions across diverse economic contexts, and the wide range of available procedures requires an understanding of their foundations and conditions of application. Objective: To comparatively analyze business valuation methods identified in the recent scientific literature. Method: The study adopted a qualitative, documentary approach. The academic search covered the Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Dialnet, Redalyc, and Google Scholar databases between January 2022 and June 2026, using combined search strings related to valuation, methods, and selection criteria. The final corpus comprised 22 studies. Results: The literature classifies valuation procedures into static, dynamic, mixed or goodwill-based, and multiples-based approaches. Discounted cash flow stands out for its foundation in intrinsic value, multiples for their comparative speed, and mixed approaches for their capacity to capture intangible assets. The choice of procedure depends on the sector, organizational size, and available information. Conclusions: No single method is sufficient across all contexts; their application requires recognition of their assumptions, advantages, and limitations, while combining approaches provides a more robust basis for financial and strategic decision-making.  Key words: Business valuation; Discounted cash flow; Financial analysis; Method selection criteria; Valuation multiples.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Loor Zambrano, H. Y., Moreira-Basurto, C. A., Jara Nivelo, J. J., & Arízaga-Vera, F. E. (2026). Métodos cuantitativos en la valoración de empresas: un estudio comparativo de literatura. Revista Enfoques, 10(40), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistaenfoques.v10i40.260
Sección
ARTÍCULO DE REVISION
Bookmark and Share
Referencias

Abbas, A. & Abis, A. (2026). Application of the dividend discount model to determine the financial flexibility of selected Iraqi banks. Management of Organizations: Systematic Research, 95(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.2478/mosr-2026-0001

Adam, V., Mařík, M. & Maříková, P. (2026). Goodwill in invested capital within income valuation of a business. Oceňování, 18(2), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.ocenovani.301

Anton, S. (2026). Exploring the nexus between intangible assets and firm value: The role of innovation resources. International Review of Economics & Finance, 111, 105785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105785

Bu, C., Zhang, Y., & Yao, D. (2025). Valuation specialist, earnings persistent and Level 3 fair value measurements. Accounting & Finance, 65(3), 2866–2893. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.70022

Bustelo, J. L. & Miró, A. P. (2026). Artificial intelligence and intangible asset valuation in public markets. Evidence from IBEX 35 firms. Intangible Capital, 22(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.3545

Bustelo, J. L. & Miró, A. P. (2026). Artificial intelligence and intangible asset valuation in public markets. Evidence from IBEX 35 firms. Intangible Capital, 22(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.3545

Cheong, H., Kim, B. & Vaquero, I. U. (2023). A data valuation model to estimate the investment value of platform companies: Based on discounted cash flow. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(6), 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16060293

Cifuentes, R., Gómez, T. & Jara, A. (2025). Capital ratios and the weighted average cost of capital: Evidence from Chilean banks. Latin American Journal of Central Banking, 6(1), 100143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.latcb.2024.100143

Cooper, I., & Lambertides, N. (2023). Optimal equity valuation using multiples: The number of comparable firms. European Financial Management, 29(4), 1025–1053. https://doi.org/10.1111/eufm.1240

Costa, A. C., Rodrigues, J., Niyama, J. & Silva, C. (2026). Reflections on the impact of informational asymmetry on goodwill. Revista Ambiente Contável, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.21680/2176-9036.2026v18n1id42511

Dato, P., Dioha, M., Hessou, H., Houenou, B., Mukhaya, B., Okyere, M. A. & Odarno, L. (2025). Computation of weighted average cost of capital (WACC) in the power sector for African countries and the implications for country-specific electricity technology cost. Applied Energy, 397, 126333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126333

Dierkes, S. & de Maeyer, I. (2026). Cross-border discounted cash flow valuation. Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, 78(2), 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41471-026-00237-w

Drábek, M. (2022). Relative valuation of private held companies: Valuation multiples in the Czech brewing industry. Journal of Business Valuation and Economic Loss Analysis, 17(1), 65-100. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbvela-2021-0023

Fiesenig, B., Bock, C., Khoroshylova, A. & Schiereck, D. (2025). Assessing the fair value of unicorns post-IPO: An analysis of applied valuation methods. Journal of Business Valuation and Economic Loss Analysis, 20(1), 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbvela-2024-0018

Freitas, R. (2026). Going concern as a variable: Sector-calibrated survival multipliers for goodwill valuation in mergers and acquisitions. Journal of Business Valuation and Economic Loss Analysis, 21(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbvela-2026-0018

Gamage, S. K., & Perera, U. (2025). Adapting the discounted cash flow model for real estate valuation in Sri Lanka: A Delphi study. Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 43(4), 440–453. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPIF-01-2025-0013

García, N., Peñaloza, V. & Vásconez, L. (2023). Valoración de empresas: ¿cómo medir y gestionar la creación de valor en las instituciones de intermediación financiera? Religación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 8(36), e2301047. https://doi.org/10.46652/rgn.v8i36.1047

Golubov, A., & Konstantinidi, T. (2026). An accounting-based measure of valuation uncertainty. The Accounting Review, 101(4), 231–261. https://doi.org/10.2308/TAR-2023-039

Gonenc, H. y Maassen, C. (2026). Impact of geographic dispersion of carbon emissions on firm valuation. Borsa Istanbul Review, 26(4), 100831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2026.100831

Gurov, I. y Bochkarev, A. (2025). Fundamental adjustments of multiples as a tool to the business valuation accuracy improvement. Journal of Corporate Finance Research, 19(2), 15-37. https://doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.19.2.2025.15-37

Haboub, A., Kartsaklas, A., & Sarafidis, V. (2026). Residual income valuation and stock returns: Evidence from a value-to-price investment strategy. Financial Review, 61(4), 1257–1287. https://doi.org/10.1111/fire.70059

Hágen, I. & Ahmed, A. M. (2024). Carbon footprint, financial structure, and firm valuation: An empirical investigation. Risks, 12(12), 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks12120197

Huaman, A. J., Cuyate, P., Cueva, J. & Cordova, F. (2025). Impact of weighted average cost of capital and profitability on economic value added of firms in the industrial sector. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(11), 650. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18110650

Intara, P., & Suwansin, N. (2024). Intangible assets, firm value, and performance: Does intangible-intensive matter? Cogent Economics & Finance, 12(1), Article 2375341. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2024.237534

Intara, P. & Sangwichitr, K. (2026). Unlocking firm performance and value through investment efficiency: The moderating role of corporate governance quality. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 23(3), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.23(3).2026.02

Jagrič, T., Fister, D., Grbenic, S. O. & Herman, A. (2024). Private firm valuation using multiples: Can artificial intelligence algorithms learn better peer groups? Information, 15(6), 305. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15060305

Just, R., Honold, D., & Meckl, R. (2023). Value relevance of goodwill accounting – How a forward-looking valuation approach guides goodwill recoverability. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3), Article 2262213. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2262213

Kang, H. & Ryu, D. (2025). A complementary valuation model and exit multiples. Finance Research Letters, 79, 107182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107182

Kasim, I., Amidu, A.-R., & Levy, D. (2026). Exploring barriers to valuation technology adoption in property valuation: Insights from practitioners. Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 44(4), 251–277. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPIF-07-2025-0090

Kim, J., Kim, J. & Lee, J. (2025). Earnings versus cash flows in equity valuation: Evidence from the COVID-19 crisis. Advances in Accounting, 69, 100837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2025.100837

Kim, H., Kim, T., Zhang, W., Liu, F., & Oh, K. (2026). Comparing firm performance across expert-led and AI-based technology valuation methods. International Economic Journal, 40(2), 315–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2026.2656979

Kohoutek, Š. & Maříková, P. (2022). Methodological approach to business valuation by market multiples. Oceňování, 15(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.ocenovani.271

Krishnan, C. & Lang, Y. (2026). Dividend discount model and catering theory revisited. Journal of Economic Analysis, 5(3), 124-139. https://doi.org/10.58567/jea05030006

Kumbar, A., & Nagargoje, S. (2026). Valuation of the cruise ship: A discounted cash flow analysis. Journal of Real Estate Studies, 23(2), 16–34.

Li, R., Chen, Y. & Zhang, X. (2026). From data markets to credit: Data asset valuation, information frictions, and SME financing. Finance Research Letters, 111, 110694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2026.110694

López, C., Velásquez, C., Fajardo, J. & Sierra, J. (2024). Un acercamiento a las metodologías para la valoración financiera: análisis bibliométrico y revisión sistemática de literatura. RAN. Revista Academia y Negocios, 10(1), 36-52. https://doi.org/10.29393/RAN10-3ULCJ40003

Machová, V., Krulický, T. & Brožová, M. (2022). Valuation of goodwill using weighted average return on assets: Assessment of average transport and storage enterprise in the Czech Republic. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 10(2), 510-526. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2022.10.2(32)

Martínez, A., Hernández, M. & Velásquez, O. (2022). Evaluación de las decisiones financieras operacionales que generan flujo de caja en las MIPYMES. Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa, 34, 60-82. https://doi.org/10.46661/revmetodoscuanteconempresa.5524

Maulana, D. Y. (2026). Comparative analysis of stock valuation models in Indonesian shipping companies. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 7(3), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v7i3.6338

Molina, P., Molina, D., Pico, F. & Guevara, P. (2023). La valoración de empresas y las decisiones de inversión en el sector comercial farmacéutico. RES NON VERBA Revista Científica, 13(1), 15-35. https://doi.org/10.21855/resnonverba.v13i1.689

Molina, D., Molina, P., Tobar, D. & Pico, F. (2024). Valoración de empresas a través del flujo de caja descontado: caso de estudio. Boletín de Coyuntura, 42, 9-17. https://doi.org/10.31243/bcoyu.42.2024.2442

Molina, P. & Molina, D. (2025). Métodos de valoración de empresas: Herramientas para tomar decisiones estratégicas. Veritas & Research, 7(2), 105-122. https://doi.org/10.63957/7225.105122

Moyo, V., Kayiira, J. & Obadire, A. (2026). Industry-specific equity valuation practices: Evidence from South African equity research reports. Risks, 14(6), 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks14060127

Mozolea-Gherasim, R.-G., & Anton, S. G. (2026). The impact of intangible assets on firm value: Empirical evidence from the European manufacturing sector. Cogent Business & Management, 13(1), Article 2738963. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2026.2738963

Pereira, C. (2025). Comparative analysis of Brazilian telecommunications enterprise valuation using discounted cash flow and Monte Carlo simulation. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 60(4). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.60.4.3

Pongtepupathum, S., & Sanoran, K. (2026). Intangible assets and capital structure in emerging markets: Evidence from Thai-listed firms. International Journal of Emerging Markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-01-2026-0025

Pujiono & Firli, A. (2026). Comparative stock valuation using DCF–FCFF, residual income model, and relative valuation: Evidence from Indonesia’s marine port and services subsector. Journal of Accounting, Management, and Economics Research, 5(1), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.33476/jamer.v5i1.469

Qwader, A. & Alawneh, A. (2025). Importance of economic value added and traditional performance measures in determining market value added: A case study of industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 15(3), 354-366. https://doi.org/10.55493/5002.v15i3.5343

Rowe, W., Barber, D., Chullen, C. & Zemanek, J. (2026). Beyond comparable multiples: Size and profitability adjustments in manufacturing M&A valuation. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 28(5). https://doi.org/10.33423/t0vbvh03

Setijono, D. (2025). Behavioural shortcomings to avoid in asset valuation using comparable method – insights from a survey experiment. Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 43(3), 340-356. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpif-08-2024-0099

Skogsvik, K., Skogsvik, S. & Andersson, H. (2023). Bankruptcy risk in discounted cash flow equity valuation. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(11), 476. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16110476

Staňková, V. (2024). (Out)smart the peer group in market comparison: Building business valuation multiples by machine learning. European Journal of Business Science and Technology, 10(2), 156-172. https://doi.org/10.11118/ejobsat.2024.01

Syahputra, F., Herlina, L. & Shalihati, F. (2026). Discounted cash flow valuation of Indonesian telecommunication stocks: Investment implications for PT Lembur Sadaya Investama. Business Review and Case Studies, 7(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.17358/brcs.7.1.41

Taylor, T. T. (2026). Discount for lack of absolute control. Business Valuation Review, 45(1), 12-27. https://doi.org/10.5791/2163-8330-45.1.12

Tirtiroglu, D. & Tirtiroglu, E. (2025). Capital structure, the adjusted present value, and mortgage choice. Journal of Housing Economics, 68, 102066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2025.102066

Ul Abideen, Z. & Wu, K. (2026). Forecasting firm valuation through investor sentiments: A machine learning-based redefinition in China. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 109, 102197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2026.102197

Vaněk, M., Chrascina, M., Burbano, D. & Stejskal, D. (2025). Economic potential of Ecuador's mining sector and intrinsic stock value analysis of companies operating in Ecuador. Mining Science, 32, 135-154. https://doi.org/10.37190/msc/209121

Velázquez Alejos, A. A., Morgan Beltrán, J., & Banda Ortiz, H. (2023). Ejercicio de decisiones de inversión a través de valoración por opciones reales. Horizontes Empresariales, 22(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.22320/hem.v22i1.6023

Yeon, J., Kim, C., Kang, H., Bae, J. & Kim, J. S. (2026). Revisiting risk-adjusted net present value: A practical framework for biotechnology valuation. Drug Discovery Today, 31(4), 104717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2026.104717