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Emilia Tatiana Caiminagua-Alay
Sebastián Jahir Morales-Ortiz
Andrés Marcelo Pacheco-Molina

Introducción: El diagrama de Pareto es una herramienta de gestión de la calidad que permite identificar y priorizar las fallas o ineficiencias que afectan el desempeño operativo de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYMES). Estas organizaciones disponen de recursos limitados y requieren criterios objetivos para decidir qué problemas atender primero. Objetivo: Analizar la utilidad del Diagrama de Pareto para identificar y priorizar las causas que generan mayor impacto en los principales factores operativos que influyen en el desempeño de las MIPYMES. Método: Se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo-correlacional y diseño no experimental transversal; se aplicó una encuesta estructurada con escala de Likert de cinco niveles a 310 personas con funciones directivas, administrativas y operativas en MIPYMES de la provincia de El Oro, Ecuador, seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico intencional. La consistencia interna del instrumento fue alta (alfa de Cronbach = 0,900) y el análisis combinó frecuencias, el principio 80/20 y la correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Los hallazgos evidencian que la falta de capacitación (169), la mala comunicación (158), la sobrecarga de trabajo (140), la falta de recursos (136) y las funciones indefinidas (134) concentran las menciones; además, todas las causas se relacionan positivamente entre sí, con la asociación más alta entre sobrecarga de trabajo y funciones indefinidas (0,406). Conclusión:  el diagrama de Pareto permite priorizar las ineficiencias operativas y orientar los recursos hacia las causas de mayor impacto, aunque la comunicación deficiente y la escasez de recursos condicionan la operatividad de las empresas.

Introduction: The Pareto chart is a quality management tool that facilitates the identification and prioritization of failures or inefficiencies affecting the operational performance of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). These organizations operate with limited resources and require objective criteria to determine which problems should be addressed first. Objective: To analyze the usefulness of the Pareto chart in identifying and prioritizing the causes that generate the greatest impact on the main operational factors influencing MSME performance. Method: A quantitative approach was adopted, with a descriptive-correlational scope and a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. A structured five-point Likert-scale survey was administered to 310 individuals holding managerial, administrative, and operational positions in MSMEs in El Oro Province, Ecuador, selected through non-probability purposive sampling. The instrument demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.900), and the analysis combined frequency distributions, the 80/20 principle, and Spearman's rank correlation. Results: The findings indicate that lack of training (169), poor communication (158), work overload (140), lack of resources (136), and undefined job responsibilities (134) accounted for the highest number of mentions. Furthermore, all causes were positively associated with one another, with the strongest association observed between work overload and undefined job responsibilities (0.406). Conclusion: The Pareto chart enables the prioritization of operational inefficiencies and the allocation of resources toward the most impactful causes; however, deficient communication and resource scarcity constrain firms' operational capacity.

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Caiminagua-Alay , E. T., Morales-Ortiz, S. J., & Pacheco-Molina, A. M. (2026). El Diagrama de Pareto como herramienta estratégica para la identificación de ineficiencias operativas en MIPYMES. Revista Enfoques, 10(40), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistaenfoques.v10i40.259
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