Imaginería mental en rehabilitación neurológica: implicaciones para la gestión de servicios de salud
Mental imagery in gait rehabilitation in patients with neurological diseasesContenido principal del artículo
Las enfermedades neurológicas constituyen una de las principales causas de discapacidad y dependencia funcional a nivel mundial, representando una carga significativa para los sistemas de salud y para la gestión de los servicios de rehabilitación. La imaginería mental (IM) emerge como una intervención terapéutica complementaria de bajo costo con alto potencial para optimizar los resultados de la neurorrehabilitación. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es examinar la evidencia científica sobre la efectividad de la IM en la rehabilitación de la marcha en pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas, e identificar sus implicaciones para la gestión administrativa de los servicios de rehabilitación. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, entre otras) de 2016 a 2024, identificando 1.247 registros, de los cuales se seleccionaron 12 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Los resultados demuestran que la IM, especialmente combinada con fisioterapia convencional, mejora significativamente la velocidad de marcha (12-28%), la longitud de zancada (8,5 cm) y el equilibrio dinámico en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular, enfermedad de Parkinson y parálisis cerebral. Desde una perspectiva de administración en salud, la IM representa una estrategia de alto valor para la gestión eficiente de recursos, la formación del talento humano y la toma de decisiones basada en evidencia en organizaciones de rehabilitación. Se concluye que su implementación requiere protocolos individualizados, capacitación del personal y un modelo de gestión orientado a resultados clínicos y organizacionales.
Neurological diseases are among the leading causes of disability and functional dependence worldwide, representing a significant burden on health systems and rehabilitation service management. Mental imagery (MI) emerges as a low-cost complementary therapeutic intervention with high potential to optimize neurorehabilitation outcomes. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of MI in gait rehabilitation in patients with neurological diseases, and to identify its implications for the administrative management of rehabilitation services. A comprehensive search was conducted in databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, among others) from 2016 to 2024, identifying 1,247 records, of which 12 randomized clinical trials were selected. The results demonstrate that MI, especially when combined with conventional physiotherapy, significantly improves gait speed (12-28%), stride length (8.5 cm), and dynamic balance in patients with stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and cerebral palsy. From a health administration perspective, MI represents a high-value strategy for efficient resource management, human talent training, and evidence-based decision-making in rehabilitation organizations. It is concluded that its implementation requires individualized protocols, staff training, and a management model oriented toward clinical and organizational outcomes.
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